Pre-Arrival Japanese-Language Training (Japan, Indonesia and The Philippines)
Under the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs) with Indonesia and the Philippines, Japan started to accept Indonesian candidates in the field of nursing and nursing care on an annual basis in fiscal 2008 and Filipino counterparts in fiscal 2009.
The agreements required such overseas candidates to undergo six-month Japanese-language training (except for those candidates already possessing a certain level of proficiency in the language).